{"id":1282,"date":"2021-05-24T19:35:55","date_gmt":"2021-05-24T17:35:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/?p=1282"},"modified":"2021-05-27T13:21:28","modified_gmt":"2021-05-27T11:21:28","slug":"quaternary-climate-appearance-of-homo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/en\/blog\/2021\/05\/24\/quaternary-climate-appearance-of-homo\/","title":{"rendered":"Quaternary&#8217;s climate and the appearance of homo"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>2.7 million years ago permanent ice showed up in the Northern hemisphere and the ice cap on Greenland started to build up. It was the same time the genus homo appeared on earth. The Quaternary was a time period of high climatic variability. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glacial and interglacial<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>After genus homo had started to populate the planet, our ancestors mainly lived in Africa for a long time. The earth\u2019s climate had become variable and relatively cold. On time scales of several tens of thousands of years it had started to oscillate between cold glacials (ice age) and relatively warm interglacials. The ultimate causes and mechanisms triggering these oscillations were not fully understood for a long time. However it was postulated by Milutin Milankovitch, a Serbian astronomer, that variations in the earth\u2019s orbit around the sun and subsequent fluctuations in the heat received over specific areas of the globe cause the transitions between glacials and interglacials. (Imbrie and Imbrie, 1979)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Holocene &#8211; interglacial<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We currently live in an interglacial, the so called Holocene. During an interglacial the distribution of ice on the continents is comparable to today with large ice caps only existing near the poles in Antarctica and Greenland, respectively. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glacial and last glacial maximum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Contrastingly, during a glacial, massive ice sheets covered North America and Scandinavia. Global mean temperatures during the last glacial maximum, 20.000 years ago, were estimated to be lower by 4\u00b0C than today (CLIMAP, 1981). <a href=\"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/en\/temperatur-ice-age\/\">More recent studies<\/a> even estimate it was 6\u00b0C colder. In response to that the vegetation cover looked completely different.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/PizRoseg2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/PizRoseg2.jpg 450w, https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/PizRoseg2-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seitenmor%C3%A4ne#\/media\/Datei:PizRoseg.jp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seitenmor%C3%A4ne#\/media\/Datei:PizRoseg.jp<\/a>g<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Quaternary-moraine-PizRoseg-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Quaternary-moraine-PizRoseg-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Quaternary-moraine-PizRoseg-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Quaternary-moraine-PizRoseg.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption>Moraines to the left and to the right of the glacier tongue are indicators of climate variability<br>Source: https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seitenmor%C3%A4ne#\/media\/Datei:PizRoseg.jpg<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>References:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Wikipedia <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seitenmor%C3%A4ne\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seitenmor%C3%A4ne<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Imbrie, J. and Imbrie, K. P., <strong>1979<\/strong>. Ice ages : solving the mystery. Short Hills, New Jersey Enslow, New Jersey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CLIMAP, <strong>1981<\/strong>. Seasonal reconstructions of the Earths surface at the last glacial maximum. Map series, technical report mc-36, Geological Society of America.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2.7 million years ago permanent ice showed up in the Northern hemisphere and the ice cap on Greenland started to build up. It was the same time the genus homo&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1274,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Quaternary&#039;s climate and the appearance of homo - David Bolius<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/en\/blog\/2021\/05\/24\/quaternary-climate-appearance-of-homo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quaternary&#039;s climate and the appearance of homo - David Bolius\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"2.7 million years ago permanent ice showed up in the Northern hemisphere and the ice cap on Greenland started to build up. 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It was the same time the genus homo&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1282"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1282\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1293,"href":"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1282\/revisions\/1293"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1282"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/davidbolius.at\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}